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Malibu () is an affluent beach city in Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645. Malibu consists of a 〔(Length of City of Malibu (Malibu before incorporation was ) from the City of Malibu's website〕 strip of prime Pacific coastline. Nicknamed "the 'Bu" by surfers and locals,〔〔〔 the community is famous for its warm, sandy beaches, and for being the home of many Hollywood movie stars and others associated with the entertainment industry. Signs around the city proclaim "27 miles of scenic beauty", referring to Malibu's original length of before the city was incorporated in 1991. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1), which traverses the city, with some residents living up to a mile away from the beach up narrow canyons, and many more residents of the unincorporated canyon areas identifying Malibu as their hometown. The city is also bounded by Topanga to the east, the Santa Monica Mountains (Agoura Hills, Calabasas, and Woodland Hills) to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south, and Ventura County to the west. Malibu's beaches include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line, and Dan Blocker Beach; its local parks include Malibu Bluffs Park〔(Malibu Bluffs Park (local) ) from the City of Malibu's website〕 (formerly Malibu Bluffs State Park), Trancas Canyon Park, Las Flores Creek Park, and Legacy Park,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malibu Legacy Park (local) )〕 with neighboring parks Malibu Creek State Park, Leo Carrillo State Beach and Park,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Leo Carrillo SB )〕 Point Mugu State Park,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pt. Mugu SP )〕 and the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, and neighboring state beach Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Robert H. Meyer Memorial SB )〕 which was once part of Old Malibu (before it became a city), and better known as pristine beaches, El Pescador, La Piedra and El Matador. ==History== Malibu was originally settled by the Chumash, Native Americans whose territory extended loosely from the San Joaquin Valley to San Luis Obispo to Malibu, as well as several islands off the southern coast of California. They named it "''Humaliwo''"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Humaliwo: An Ethnographic Overview of the Chumash in Malibu )〕 or "the surf sounds loudly". The city's name derives from this, as the "Hu" syllable is not stressed. Explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit—a land grant—in 1802. That ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. He and his widow, May K. Rindge, guarded their privacy zealously by hiring guards to evict all trespassers and fighting a lengthy court battle to prevent the building of a Southern Pacific railroad line through the ranch. Interstate Commerce Commission regulations would not support a railroad condemning property in order to build tracks that paralleled an existing line, so Frederick H. Rindge decided to build his own railroad through his property first. He died, and May K. Rindge followed through with the plans, building a line starting just inside the ranch's property eastern boundary at Las Flores Canyon, and running 15 miles westward, past Pt. Dume.〔Doyle, Thomas W. et al. ''The Malibu Story,'' pp. 25-27, Malibu Lagoon Museum, Malibu, CA, 1985.〕〔Doyle, Thomas W. and Rindge, Ronald L. ''Malibu Rails and Roads,'' pp. 6, 14-15, 17-19, 22-27, 30-45, 52-61, 70, 74-9, 85, Malibu Lagoon Museum, Malibu, CA, 2012.〕〔Hemenez, Jane Sullivan. ''Malibu: A Good Way of Life,'' p. 37, Ocean Park Press, Santa Monica, CA. ISBN 978-0-9899458-0-6.〕〔Myrick, David F. ''The Determined Mrs. Rindge and her Legendary Railroad: A History of the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway,'' pp. 1-53, Ventura County Historical Society, 1996.〕 Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case and built what is now known as the Pacific Coast Highway. By then May Rindge was forced to subdivide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. The Rindge house, known as the Adamson House〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Adamson House )〕 (a National Register of Historic Places site and California Historical Landmark), is now part of Malibu Creek State Park and is situated between Malibu Lagoon State Beach〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malibu Lagoon State Beach )〕 and Surfrider Beach, beside the Malibu Pier〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malibu Pier )〕 that was used to provide transportation to/from the ranch, including construction materials for the Rindge railroad, and to tie up the family's yacht.〔〔Doyle, Thomas W. and Rindge, Ronald L. ''Malibu Rails and Roads,'' pp. 74, Malibu Lagoon Museum, Malibu, CA, 2012.〕 In 1926, in an effort to avoid selling land to stave off insolvency, May K. Rindge created a small ceramic tile factory. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles which furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings and Beverly Hills residences. The factory, located one-half mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931.〔Doyle, Thomas W and Rindge, Ronald L. ''Malibu Rails and Roads: A Photographic Journey Across Rancho Topanga-Malibu-Sequit,'' pp. 78-9, Malibu Adamson House Foundation, Malibu, CA, 2012.〕 Although the factory partially reopened in 1932, it could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression and a steep downturn in Southern California construction projects. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat, a fifty-room mansion that was started in the 1920s as the main Rindge home on a hill overlooking the lagoon. The unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942〔(Rindge House sold to Franciscans ) from serraretreat.com〕 and is operated as a retreat facility,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Serra Retreat )〕 Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was rebuilt using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was purchased in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst, who considered building an estate on the property. He sold the lower half of his holdings there in 1944 to Art Jones. Jones was one of the prominent early realtors in Malibu, starting with the initial leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He was also the owner/part-owner of the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post and the Big Rock Beach Cafe (which is now Moonshadows restaurant). Philiip McAnany owned 80 acres in the upper Big Rock area, which he had purchased in 1919, and had two cabins there, one of which burned in a brush fire that swept through the area in 1959, and the other in the 1993 Malibu fire. McAnany Way is named after him.〔Map Books of the Los Angeles County Assessor〕〔Lummis, Jr., Dayton. ''Captain Midnight and the California Dream: 50 Years Adrift in the Golden State,'' pp. 13-26, iUniverse, Inc., Lincoln, NE, 2005.〕〔Lummis, Jr., Dayton. ''Dust Devils,'' pp. 15-32, SunstonePress.com, Santa Fe, NM, 2007.〕〔Larson, Louise. "Colorful Pioneer of Malibu Inured," ''Evening Outlook,'' Dec. 15, 1970, Santa Monica, CA.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malibu, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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